Free Will vs. Determination (East of Eden)

Freewill vs. Determinism Good vs. Evil What makes a decision evil is when it is made completely with regard to others. What makes a decision good is when the person who made it can look back and feel like what he choose was wholly right. It is completely up to a person whether or not they take others into consideration or even decide to look back long enough to care, just like it is up to that person to choose where they go in life. Whether it’s up the â€Å"good path† or down the â€Å"evil path†Ã‚  isn’t predetermined by god, your bloodlines, or anything else.Kate chooses her life and decided not to care what others thought or felt and just did what she pleased. Caleb at first was convinced that he did bad thing because of what his mother was, that he would be evil because of her. Sam Hamilton was thought of being bad or evil when he came to Salinas due to the fact that he was Irish and he proved to be one of the kindest characters in the book. Sam would most likely be considered good by anyone who became acquainted with him. Even though he didn't do things they same way as those around him, he did what he looked back on as being right or good in his mind.He made choices and didn’t let his circumstances rule his life. Even though he was poor and lived on infertile land he worked and tried to change things. He tried to make them the best that he could. When at that time most people believed that the Irish were belligerent drunks that were only good at stealing American jobs and wives. Sam Hamilton changed their views, as Louis told Adam when he brought him up to meet Sam, â€Å"he’s a fine worker, and a good blacksmith. † Not only was he a fine worker when it came to inventing things and blacksmithing but he worked at helping others.As Adam â€Å"drew into himself†Ã‚  Sam tried his hardest to help him, â€Å"go through the motions,† and finally he ended up having to punch him and insult him to get the man out of his stupor. This violence, which was against his character, should how much he cared for others and Adam. Now if he follows the stereotype set for him he wouldn't have been the great person that we had read about in the book, he had the free will to make himself what he was. Now Kate would have to be the nearly the exact opposite of Sam. She is one of the best characters to illustrate the concept of good and vil. For most of here life Cathy did things that were evil because she thought that, â€Å"in the whole world there's only evil and folly,† so she had no problems embracing it. But just because she did embrace it and did so many bad things doesn't mean she was purely evil. She did towards the end of the book care about what someone thought about her, â€Å"she knew that she didn't want Aron to know. † And in that little time where he dreamed of Aron meeting her as a respectable lady in New York shows that at least one person’s opinion mattered to her.Kate just wasn't extremely pressured by what was expected of her in her circumstances. She in fact thought it better to defy others expectation, like when her parents wanted her to be a teacher, or when Adam tried to make her into the perfect wife. There were many times where she could have settled into a comfortable spot that others determined she fit into but she liked using her free will and choosing where she was going to go. Caleb is something slightly different than his mother, which I'm sure he and everyone else who read the book was happy to find out.He wanted to be able to look back on his actions and not be ashamed of what he had done. He hated doing the evil things so much when he was young that he prayed for the lord to help him â€Å"not be mean. † If determinism was solely true than he probably would have ended up being just as wicked as Kate, like Adam had worried when Cal was a baby. Lee helped a lot in keeping Caleb from following his worst expectatio ns and seeing that he did have a choice in the matter. That just because he had his mothers blood in him didn't mean he was filled with evil, as Lee said, â€Å"Whatever you do, it will be you who do it—not your mother. And I think that is exactly right. Kate wouldn't have felt the guilt like Cal did when his brother had died, nor would she have asked Adam for forgiveness. Nothing Caleb did was because of who his mom was. As Steinbeck says, there is only one story in the world; I have to say that I see his point. While good and evil are still a little abstract to from my point of view, it does seem that every story we hear has to do with it. It deals with the characters struggle to determine which side is evil and which side is good and than choosing between the two.With Cathy it seems she could only see the evil and therefore the choice was an easy one for her because she saw no other. Cal was luckier, or I guess some could say unluckier, because he could see both choices r ather clearly and in the end it seemed he was breaking away from the dark side. Now saying that I agree with Steinbeck’s point of view pretty much answers the question on what I think when it comes to free will versus determinism. To have to choice whether you lean towards a certain side you have to exert some version of your own free will either a little or a lot, either way you do.

Marketing Plan and Marketing Strategy

Complete understanding of the marketplace and very careful planning are very important in developing a business strategy that will guarantee success. Successful businesses have certainly all stated with a very efficient and effective marketing plan. In running a business, marketing plays a very important role. The business owner must be knowledgeable with the business’ customers, with their competitors, their strengths and weaknesses. These elements along with others should be well-defined in order to develop a well-written marketing plan and should be carried out though effective marketing strategies. Marketing Plan and its Overall Purpose An excellent marketing plan will draw how the business can catch the attention and retain their customers, how it will content with identified competitors and the needed fund to achieve desirable results. The marketing plan should incorporate a thorough market research, location of the business, the targeted group of customers, competition, product or service to put in the market for sale and effective strategies for promotions and advertisements. A marketing plan assists the business to incorporate its total marketing effort. It makes sure of a logical and organized approach to products and services development in order to meet and satisfy the needs of the customers. (Paul, 2007) Conducting a market research is needed to start an effective marketing plan. Through market research, relevant data will be gathered in order to help the business to solve possible problems in marketing. Frequently, the most common way of conducting market research is though survey via direct mail, telephone survey or facilitating a focus group session. Derivative or secondary data is also important to a successful market plan. Studies and reports done by different sectors of the society, like the government, associations and other businesses within the industry can provide very significant data and statistics on the research area. Consumer behavior research as the scientific study of the processes consumers use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products and services that satisfy their needs is very important in market research. Consumer behavior unswervingly affects marketing strategy. This is because of the concept of marketing, the idea that firms are present to satisfy customer needs (Winer, 2000). In writing the marketing plan the business needs to be clear on its objectives and how they will achieve them. A good marketing plan makes realistic, measurable and very clear objectives, which includes deadlines, provides a budget and designates responsibilities. A marketing plan is comprised of an analysis of the current market of the business, the business’ objectives, the business’ key strategies, the business’ actions to attaining their objectives, their allocated budget and the effective timing of entering and positioning in the market Regardless of what type of market research a business will do, the focus should be on gathering sufficient information to find out who the potential customers are, if there is product or service demand for the business, if there are competitors in the scope of the business and how can the business be successful in the marketplace that they belong to. A comprehensive and a well-written marketing plan is very vital to all business undertakings because it illustrates how the business plan to attract and retain customers, how they will compete with their competitors, and what resources will they have available to attain the identified goals of the business. (Paul, 1997) Marketing Strategy and its Various Components In the present intense competition in the marketplace, a strategy that guarantees a coherent approach providing the business’ product or service in a way that it will outperform its competitors is very crucial. On the other hand, by defining the marketing strategy of the business, it is a must to have a well-written methodology for the everyday process of implementing it. There is little value to strategy when the business lacks the resources or the know-how in its implementation. The process of developing a marketing strategy involves the consideration of many factors. Out of those factors some are more important compared with the others. For the reason that each strategy must prioritize some distinct considerations, it is not rational to determine each important factor at a generic level. (Porter, 1998) In developing a marketing strategy, there are two major components, which are: How will the business address the competition in the market How will the business carry out and support their daily operations After selecting the direction which is the most ideal for the overall objectives of the business, the next step is to consider the following factors in order to select a strategy for the offering that will outsell in the market: (Porter, 1998) Pricing After determining the overall objective of the offering and selecting a generic strategy, the business should then decide on the range of closely associated operational strategies. One of these is how will the business price the offering. The pricing strategy is mostly influenced by the business’ necessity for net income and the objectives for stable market control. Promotion In order to sell an offering, the business should effectively promote and advertise it. Place of Distribution The business must choose the distribution channel and the method that will be utilized to get the offering into the close to the customer. Product/Service The business should be scrupulously familiar with the factors that launch products/services as strong contenders in the marketplace. Once the strategy is defined the must use the gathered information to determine whether this strategy will attain the objective of making the business competitive in the marketplace. Marketing Plan and a Marketing Strategy Fitting Together The marketing plan is how the business puts marketing strategy into practice. It is worth emphasizing the main points of the business’ strategy in the plan. The marketing plan functions as a detailed road map for the planning and supervision of all marketing undertakings for a given period. An effective marketing plan must be customized and it may be essential to change a range of sections to meet the changing needs of the business to which it applies. Effective marketing plans start by studying what is presently happening and what has happened in the past. It is unworkable to build up solid plans for the future if the present situation is misunderstood. The marketing plan can then be considered as the practical application of their marketing strategy. In effect, the business will not have a marketing plan without a marketing strategy. Then marketing strategies sets in by being delivered by the business’ detailed marketing plan. Conclusion Operating successful business is not an easy task; it involves a great deal of business knowledge. Marketing is simply all about letting people know about the product or service that a certain business offers, and influencing potential customers to buy or use it. And for effective marketing the business have to let people know about their product or service constantly and to do this, the business will to have to come up with both an appropriate and effective marketing strategy and a marketing plan. References: Paul, S. (2007). Why Need a Marketing Plan?, Legal Zoom Article Center. Porter, M. (1998). Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, Free Press. Winer, R.S. (2007). Marketing Management, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

“Bisy Backson” representing Western Society Essay

In the novel, The Tao of Pooh we are introduced to â€Å"Bisy Backson† who represents the most misguided of Western Society, as well, we are shown that Western societal thinkers/philosophers/writers represent, in their own way, the Tao. â€Å"Bisy Backson† confuses exercise with work and activity with creativity. â€Å"The Bisy Backson is almost desperately active,† (p. 93) says Benjamin Hoff. He adds, â€Å"Let’s put it this way: if you want to be healthy, relaxed, and contented, just watch what a Bisy Backson does and then do the opposite.† Often, in Western Society, we focus on the final product before we have begun the journey. When Pooh considers what he likes best in the world, he decides the â€Å"†¦moment just before you begin to eat [honey]† was what he enjoys most. In effect, it is the journey, or the process, that we most enjoy. This, of course, goes against the typical person’s attitude toward a task, in Western Society. The goal is to get the task done (much like this journal assignment). The process is often seen as punitive. Pooh would say to enjoy the process – to see it as an opportunity to create, to develop, and, above all, to understand the central role of change and growth in life. Western societal thinkers/philosophers/writers represent, in their own way, the Tao, because†¦ actually, I do not think they represent Taoism, at all. Taoism, I think, is basically just to enjoy life in its simplest form, and not to worry too much – take life as a gift and just enjoy it. Again, I think. After reading this book, (I still have two or three more chapters to go†¦), I still cannot manage to understand a simple meaning of Taoism. I have looked on the internet, and it is nothing like P’u, because everything I have come across is all so complex. Anyway, if Taoism is that, Western societal thinkers/philosophers/writers do not represent it, at all! They question everything, want to know answers, and usually they question their own existence. Would someone who is†¦ someone like, Pooh, question their existence? I don’t think so. In addition, Western societal thinkers/philosophers/writers do not learn how they should question, they do not learn these theories, they do not learn about Taoism, they just merrily think and their answers of their questions may just so happen to fall under Taoism. They do not study Taoism to think like a Taoist. They do not read The Tao of Pooh, to learn about how they should think†¦ though many  philosophy courses, such as Theory of Knowledge, may be text based, which I find, is ironic. For direct reference to the text, â€Å"What does Christopher Robin do in the mornings? He learns. He becomes educated. He integrates†¦knowledge† Of course, all this said with some words capitalized for no reason, and other random words to get to the point. Philosophers do not learn, they teach themselves.

Netw240 Week 2 Lab

NETW240 Week 2 Lab: Basic Linux Commands and Directories Lab Scenario Launching Your Lab The status of your lab is displayed at the top of the left navigation column. Click the Start Lab Now button. A progress bar displays while the lab is being initialized. During this time you can view items under the Content area of the left navigation bar. When initialization is complete, the status changes to In Progress. The clock starts and a lab diagram displays in the main content area. Click on the diagram that appears, and your virtual lab experience will begin.If your connection isn't working, verify connectivity by clicking Verify Connection in the Tools section on the left navigation bar. Assignment * Identify the difference between a casual user and the superuser (or root) by examining the shell prompt. * Illustrate the command used to switch from a casual user to the superuser. * Diagram, label, and describe the major system directories beneath root (/). * Illustrate the use of basic Linux shell commands to move around in the hierarchical file system. Diagram Lab Tasks See Chapter 3, The Linux File System.Note about text editors in Element K: All text editor tasks in this lab are shown using the nano text editor, but you are also free to use the vi text editor as an option if you know the more complex command hierarchy. If you are using nano as your text editor and Internet Explorer or Chrome as your browser, you cannot use Ctrl-O to save your file. This hot key is used by IE and Chrome to open files. You will have to exit and save as follows: Press Ctrl-X (Exit); at the prompt â€Å"Save Modified Buffer,† press Y then Enter. This will save the file and exit the text editor.Mozilla Firefox does not have this issue with Ctrl-O. | Step 1: Procedures If you are not already logged in, please log in as a standard user. Your login name will be student or vlab with the password password. 1. Click on Applications ; System Tools ; Terminal. This will bring up a Te rminal screen for you so you can apply the commands in this lab. 2. Using the â€Å"switch user† (su) command, switch from standard user mode to the superuser (root) user mode. The root password is the same as the student password. 3. During the lab, you will be asked to enter answer to questions asked in your lab activities.You need to enter the answers to these labs at the bottom of this lab page and submit that to your course shell Dropbox in order to receive credit for it. Step 2: File System Navigation 1: Display a long listing of the filesystem root ( ? ). Enter ls –l. Verify the output is in a long list format. 2: Display a long listing of the ? etc directory. Enter ls -l ? etc. Verify that the output is from the ? etc directory and is a long list. What type of files may you find in this directory? Write your answer in the answer sheet at the bottom of this lab. 3: Display a long listing of the ? in directory. Enter ls -l ? bin. Verify that the output is from th e ? bin directory and is a long list. What type of files may you find in this directory? Write your answer in the answer sheet at the bottom of this lab. 4: Display a long listing of the ? sbin directory. Enter ls -l ? sbin. Verify that the output is from the ? sbin directory and is a long list. What type of files may you find in this directory? Write your answer in the lab report document. 5: Display a long listing of the ? dev directory. Enter ls -l ? dev. Verify that the output is from the ? dev directory and is a long list.What type of files may you find in this directory? What is this directory used for? Write your answers in the lab report document. 6: Display a long listing of the ? usr directory. Enter ls -l ? usr. Verify that the output is from the ? usr directory and is a long list. What type of files may you find in this directory? Write your answer in the lab report document. 7: Display a long listing of the ? home directory. Enter ls -l ? home. Verify that the output is from the ? home directory and is a long list. What type of files may you find in this directory? Write your answer in the lab report document. : Display a long listing of the ? root directory and its hidden files. Enter ls -al ? root. Verify that the output is from the ? root directory and is a long list. What type of files may you find in this directory? What is this directory used for? Write your answers in the lab report document. 9: Return to your home directory. Enter cd ?. Enter pwd. What does the acronym pwd stand for? What is the output of the pwd command? Character â€Å"? † represents your home directory, regardless of who you are logged in as. What is a home directory used for? Write your answers in the lab report document. 0: Create files. Enter touch example1. Enter cp example1 example2. 11: Create a directory. Enter mkdir file-cabinet. Enter ls. You should see files example1 and example2 and a directory called file-cabinet. 12: Change directory. Enter cd file-c abinet. Enter ls. Enter pwd. What directory are you in? Write your answer in the lab report document. Enter cd †¦ Enter pwd. Notice that the command cd .. took you back to the higher level directory. 13: Delete the directory. Enter ls. Enter rmdir file-cabinet. Enter ls. Was the directory file-cabinet deleted? Write your answer in the lab report document. 4: Delete the files. Enter ls. You should still be able to see both the example1 and example2 files. Enter rm example* (* represents zero or more characters). Enter ls. Were the example1 and example2 files deleted? Write your answer in the lab report document. 15: Get help on the ls command. Enter man ls | less. Now you can use your up and down arrow keys to scroll through the information on the ls command. You will notice that there are many options that can be used with this command. Remember that in order to use any of these commands you have to use a space between the command and the option.For example, ls -l works, but ls -l will not work. Result: N/A Step 3: Use the nano command line editor to create and modify files. Action: 1: Navigate to your home directory. Enter cd ~. Enter pwd. What directory are you in currently? Write your answer in the lab report document. 2: Use nano to create a file. Enter nano myfile1. You are now in Editor Mode for the file myfile1. 3: Add content to the file. At this point, you can type in some text. Type in your full name, address, and phone number on different lines. 4: Control Keys for nano. Note the control menu at the bottom of the nano text editor.The (^) symbol refers to the Ctrl key, so ^X (Exit) refers to simultaneously pressing the Ctrl and X keys. Other common control keys are ^K and ^U for cut and paste operations and ^R for opening a new file. ^W is a control key for finding text in a file. If you are using nano as your text editor and Internet Explorer or Chrome as your browser, you cannot use Ctrl-O to save your file. This hotkey is used by IE and Chrome to open files. You will have to exit and save as follows: press Ctrl-X (Exit) and at the prompt Save Modified Buffer, press Y then Enter.This will save the file and exit the text editor. Mozilla Firefox does not have this issue with Ctrl-O. 5: Save your modifications and exit. Press Ctrl-O and press Enter to save your myfile1 file. Press Ctrl-X to exit the nano command line text editor. 6: Check the content of your file. Enter cat myfile1. You now can see your contents of the myfile1 file. This concludes your lab. Download the lab report document for week 2. Please complete all questions on the answer page and submit the answers in the lab report template in the iLab section of the course shell.

Hrm 531 Performance Plan

?Feedback & Performance Improvement: Sales Team will be given feedback in three formats: 1. Weekly Sales Quota Report 2. Monthly Customer Service Report 3. Quarterly Sales Associate Performance Report Employees will have the opportunity to set up a meeting with the training manager to work on any area that received a score of requires improvement. This will be available weekly for Sales Quota Reports, monthly for Customer Service Reports and quarterly for Performance Reports. Employees receiving scores above requires improvement will also be able to set up meetings with the Training Manager after all requires improvement meetings have been completed. We believe the ability to meet with the training manager will allow all sales associates to reach higher levels of performance. Training Manager may set up subsequent meetings with Sales Managers and Sales Customer Service Manager if additional on-the-job training is required. Promotions and Educational Opportunities When open positions become available in the Sales Leadership Team members of the Sales Team will be given the opportunity to submit applications and resumes for the available position. Remaining members of the Sales Leadership Team and Senior Management will then conduct interviews of the top three Sales Associates considered for the position. If a member of the Sales Associate Team is not chosen to fill the open position then the job will be flown to the public. Educational Opportunities are available to all Sales Associates. If a Sales Associate would like to attend a conference style training (1-5 day training) approval will be required by the Sales Leadership Team. If a Sales Associate would like to receive a bachelor or masters degree and would like partial tuition support from EnviroTech approval will be required from the Sales Leadership Team and the Senior Management Team. Family Support We at EnviroTech realize that you have a family outside of work for this reason the following programs are offered: Family Medical Leave Act: FMLA requires covered employers to provide up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave to †eligible† employees for certain family and medical reasons. Employees are eligible if they have worked for their employer for at least one year, and for 1,250 hours over the previous 12 months, and if there are at least 50 employees within 75 miles. The FMLA permits employees to take leave on an intermittent basis or to work a reduced schedule under certain circumstances. If you feel you may have a situation that may qualify for time under the FMLA please contact Human Resources as soon as possible. Sick Time / Personal Time: Sick Time or Personal Time may be used for situations pertaining to the employee or members of their immediate family (spouse, partner, children, or parents) Parental Educational Support: Employees may take off up to 20 hours a year of unpaid time off to attend parent conferences, school meetings, or volunteer time. Employee’s immediate supervisor must be informed at least one week prior to this requested time off. Leadership Team: Adaptation for Sales Leadership Team Members for career advancement Jim Martin, Vice President of Sales Jim Martin currently has a bachelor’s degree and has expressed a desire to go back to school for his Masters in Business Administration. The Senior Management Team has agreed to pay half of Jim’s tuition since this is related to his current position. Shane Huck, Sales Manager Shane has requested to attend the Covey Leadership: Great Leaders, Great Teams, Great Results (3-Day Workshop) all members have agreed that this training will facilitate with the training of the Sales Associates so it has been approved. Tom Gonzalez, Sales Manager Tom currently feels that the Train the Trainer program is enough to handle at the moment. He has been mentoring some sales associates and feels that his home life is suffering due to extended work hours. He may be choosing to work a flex week of 4 ten hour days to support both the sales team and his home life. This has been approved by Senior Management. Susan Burnt, Sales Customer Manager Susan is currently mentoring many sales associates in customer management. She is currently being given a mentoring stipend because of her dedication to these associates. Ving Hsu, Training / Product Educator Manager Ving has requested The Brooks Group training. EnviroTech has sent sales staff to The Brooks Group training in the past and feel that the return of investment was positive. Ving has also been cross training with the sales manager and customer service manager so he can assist the sales associates more fully. Conclusion and Budget: The current budget for this plan is zero dollars. The trainings are allocated under a special â€Å"training† budget and must be approved by the Leadership Team and Senior Management Team. This plan is expected to be effective because of the prior â€Å"buy-in† by members of the Leadership Team and Sales Associates. The benefits for this plan are expected to be higher job satisfaction, higher customer satisfaction, and a deeper understanding of company policies and procedures. The return of investment for this project is expected to be shown in a higher volume of sales and customer retention.

Ratio Analysis Memorandum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ratio Analysis Memorandum - Essay Example The solvency ratio looks at the organizations ability to pay long term debt and interest on debts (Bull, 2008). By looking at the debt to asset ratio it can be seen that the organization’s reliance on debt financing is increasing as this ratio has increased from 0.39 in 2008 to 0.79 in 2009. From the analysis the organization is generally still performing well, however, there is need to improve on the profitability of the organization which is decreasing from as seen in the analysis. This can be done by decreasing the expenses of the organization. The current and the quick ration also needs to be improved as they have both decreased in 2009 as compared to 2008 which is mainly contributed by the increase in the current portion of long term debt as per the Balance sheet. The organization needs to pay off these current liabilities in the shortest time possible for the improvement in the ratios to happen. The organization also needs to also reduce the solvency ratio by reducing its liabilities so as to ensure that the reliance on debt financing does not increase.

The impact of the current recession (global financial crisis) on human Essay

The impact of the current recession (global financial crisis) on human resource management - Essay Example y, 2004), and its results have affected all international economic sectors of production, triggering a huge and deep job crisis which has directed to a profound social downfall around the globe. In Spain, the impacts of the crisis on the labor industry have been much more distracting as compared to the rest of the continent(Burke, 2013), and almost six million individuals have lost employments. In the shadow of this background, it became imperative to analysis what further impacts have emerged on the human resource management after the current global economic crisis and what roles of human resource management have been to react after the crisis. What are the major aspects in acquiring the employee involvement? And what changes have occurred in the HRM operations. The competency of a suitable communication strategy in a situation of crisis, both with regard to organizations and employees, comprises an important aspect which could be elaborated as the strategic responsibility of HRM wh en confronting with a shift in the economic scenario. In this context, the aim of this research study is to evaluate the response of human resource management in the current economic recessions. Afterwards, there will be a reflective learning about the topic which will highlight the major concepts and learning essence which have been acquired throughout the course. Acquiring sustainable competitive edge relies on creation and execution of adequate human resource policies in complex and dynamic contexts. The augmenting interest focus in the strategic management of companies has caused in emphasizing on numerous functions of companies with their responsibilities in the strategic management procedure. Strategic human resource management is the framework of the structured human resource activities and usage intended to facilitate a company to acquire its objectives. Strategic human resource management is a concept to take decisions on the plans and policies of the business focusing

Supply Chain Management College Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supply Chain Management College - Case Study Example This creates a bottle neck, which is translated in its inability to supply the eight-pack in the market. This creates a substantial loss in consumer sales which could have uplifted the numbers for the sales and marketing department. The inability to run in full capacity leaves some of its products unmanufactured. This can be seen as an opportunity cost for the company. Supply chain is indeed "one of the major areas for companies to gain a competitive edge" and operations is the first step (Lee, 2002). Efficient operations management allows the company to cut on costs through efficient labor and capital use and presents desirable products to the marketing people. The Seven Principles of Supply Chain Management suggests that to "develop a supply chain-wide technology strategy that supports multiple levels of decision making and gives a clear view of the flow of products, services, and information" (David L. Anderson, 1997). The system prepares the company in the short-term, the midterm and the long-term operations. For the daily transaction, this technology will be used to align the "supply" to the "demand" through "sharing of information on orders and daily scheduling" (David L. Anderson, 1997).

The Value and Importance of Training Assignment

The Value and Importance of Training - Assignment Example Thus, it can be realized that the value and importance of training in an organization can be understood only if an organization undertakes a planned and efficient training program and sees through the results. The current study focuses on the value and importance of training, the current trends in the training and considering the Wal-Mart stores, the study shall try to associate the importance of training programs in the company. About the Wal-Mart Company: The Wal-Mart group of stores was started in the year 1962, when it initiated its discount stores in Rogers. Wal-Mart stores were incorporated in 1969 and in the present times it is one of the biggest retail stores in the world. It sells its products across 20 different countries and has gained around 2.1 million associates for its business throughout the world. The company intends to satisfy the customers by providing with retail products at costs that customers can easily find reasonable. The company has its own set of values and principles and has been following them over the years for the success of the company. It gives high value to the service that can be provided to its customers and has a large customer base (About us). The plans of the company give light to the company’s focus on customer’s satisfaction which requires the effective performance on the part of the organizational employees. The different products of the Wal-Mart group of stores are: apparels, health and beauty products, electronics, toys, jewelry, items for lawns and gardens, automotive products, furnishing products for home, hardware, sports goods, supplies for pets as well as household products. Wal-Mart also has its super-centers with products like packaged foods, fresh products and others. The company sells its products through its neighbor markets, express stores, and the super-centers. The company also makes use of the internet facilities and serves its customers through the online ordering and feedback measures. Th e online feedback of the customers are considered significant by the company for its future modifications and improvement (Walmart). Thus, the study on the company clearly indicates that the company needs to continuously update and keep its employees trained such that they can serve efficiently in all the respects and departments of the organization gaining the satisfaction from the customers. Current Trends in Training: The training and development of employees within organizations are based on increasing the skills and expertise of the employees for the betterment of the organization. It is thus, an important role of the human resources management team of any corporation to look for the ways to include and improve the training programs for the employees to be properly trained. The trends that improve the capability of the human resources team in any organization and hence, the training of employees include the â€Å"increased globalization of the economy†, â€Å"technologi cal changes, challenges, and opportunities†, â€Å"the need to be flexible in response to changing business environments†, â€Å"increase in litigation related to HRM†, and â€Å"changing characteristics of the workforce† (Bernandin, 9). The above trends reflect factors that are needed to be taken into consideration for understanding the needs of training programs within organizat

Java Programming Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Java Programming - Math Problem Example import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Container; import java.awt.FlowLayout; import java.awt.Font; import java.awt.GridLayout; import java.awt.Window; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter; import java.awt.event.WindowEvent; import javax.swing.JButton; import javax.swing.JDialog; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JLabel; import javax.swing.JMenu; import javax.swing.JMenuBar; import javax.swing.JMenuItem; import javax.swing.JPanel; import javax.swing.JTextArea; import javax.swing.JOptionPane; public class Calculator extends JFrame implements ActionListener { // Variables final int MAX_INPUT_LENGTH = 20; final int INPUT_MODE = 0; final int RESULT_MODE = 1; final int ERROR_MODE = 2; int displayMode; boolean clearOnNextDigit, percent; double lastNumber; String lastOperator; private JMenu jmenuFile, jmenuEdit, jmenuView, jmenuHelp; private JMenuItem jmenuitemExit, jmenuitemCopy, jmenuitemPaste, jmenuitemStd, jmenuitemSci, jmenuitemDigitGrp, jmenuitemAbout; private JDialog dialog; private JLabel display; private JButton button[]; private JPanel masterPanel; private JTextArea textarea; Font f12 = new Font("Times New Roman", 0, 12); Font f121 = new Font("Times New Roman", 1, 12); ... jmenuitemSci = new JMenuItem("Scientific"); jmenuitemSci.setFont(f12); jmenuitemDigitGrp = new JMenuItem("Digit Grouping"); jmenuitemDigitGrp.setFont(f12); jmenuView.add(jmenuitemStd);jmenuView.add(jmenuitemSci);jmenuView.addSeparator();jmenuView.add(jmenuitemDigitGrp); jmenuHelp = new JMenu("Help"); jmenuHelp.setFont(f121); jmenuitemAbout = new JMenuItem("About Calculator"); jmenuitemAbout.setFont(f12); jmenuHelp.add(jmenuitemAbout); JMenuBar mb = new JMenuBar(); // mb.add(jmenuFile); mb.add(jmenuEdit); mb.add(jmenuView); mb.add(jmenuHelp); setJMenuBar(mb); //Set frame layout manager setBackground(Color.gray); //adds menubar to frame (end) masterPanel = new JPanel(); display = new JLabel("0"); display.setAlignmentX(JLabel.RIGHT); display.setBackground(Color.gray); Container contentPane = getContentPane(); // Add components to frame contentPane.add(display, BorderLayout.NORTH); button = new JButton[23]; JPanel backSpace = new JPanel(); backSpace.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 1, 2, 2)); button[20] = new JButton("Backspace"); backSpace.add(button[20]); JPanel control = new JPanel(); control.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 2, 2 ,2)); button[21] = new JButton(" CE "); button[22] = new JButton("C"); control.add(button[21]); control.add(button[22]);

Brain Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Brain Research - Essay Example All of the methods, drugs, and research that involve the brain are treading on new territory. With each new discovery, comes the challenge of applying it with ethics and a value system that we can all agree on. The brain is a very changeable organ. It can grow, mutate, and rewire itself as needed. This is often a normal response to trauma or injury. However, science can now induce the brain to change at will. Known as plasticity, the brain's ability to adapt has been studied since the beginning of the 19th century. This ability to change offers some hope for the treatment of Alzheimer's and other diseases of the brain. This research can further help us understand the causes and treatment for a wide range of mental illnesses. It may also lead to products that can enhance the brains functioning. This carries with it the ethical considerations of tampering with our normal thought processes. Rearranging our thinking is nothing new. Biofeedback was an early attempt at using technology to alter our thinking. There are currently numerous drugs available to treat everything from mild stress to schizophrenia. We can also alter our thinking with electronic devices such as with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). It is believed that this device may improve cognitive ability and treat sleep deprivation. We may one day have a computer controlled helmet that stimulates our brain with magnetism to give us an intellectual edge. Medical ethicists will need to decide where the mind ends and where the machine begins. Advocates for forging ahead in the science of the brain are quick to point out that changing our thinking is a positive step towards mental health. We currently change our thinking by altering our diet, environment, education, and behavior. They contend that technology is simply science being put to work for what we have already been doing for centuries. The technology is moving fast as we have exited the 'brain decade' and entered the brain millennium. In conclusion, the science of the brain and the recent discoveries have great promise in treating many ailments such as stroke or psychosis. It also holds the possibility of manufacturing thought beyond our wildest dreams. We are hesitant to manufacture a human clone in a laboratory or create a master race. Yet this is the possibility that brain research holds. The challenge for the next millennium will be for the scientists to balance the discovery with the ethical issues involved.

Social Networking and the Impact on College Life Research Paper

Social Networking and the Impact on College Life - Research Paper Example Social media websites have been thus affecting school and college students’ grades because students end up spending more time on websites rather than studying. Most students, when asked how they spend their day, reply by stating that they spend their hours after school or college in front of the computer, on websites like Twitter and Face book. These websites take up all their time because the new generation is obsessed with documenting their every thought on the internet. Moreover, they like checking into places on their Face book, updating their status and spend hours on a single photograph that someone would have tagged them on, commenting. All these activities eat up into their study time and they fail to get good grades or concentrate in the classroom due to being so hooked on to these websites all the time. The focus of this paper is on college students because school children can still be controlled by their parents and are under the regulation of their parent’s watchful eye. Once in college, a student is on his own, leading his own life and seldom listens to what the parents say, especially if he lives away from home. Such f reedom tends to override the child’s life, leading him into spending his time in the most non productive and enjoyable manner possible. By this I mean to say that the internet can be a very productive place to be as it has so many websites full of information and learning; one can enrich himself by reading the news as well, however college students seldom tend to do that, unless the news presents itself in the form of a Face book update. Almost 96% of college students are on Face book all the time and even if they study, they tend to keep checking their Face book page for updates every half an hour, if not lesser. This hinders work because it reduced the concentration span of the student. (Akhtar, Shabbir) Â  

Appropriate procedures for terminating a teacher, suspending or Essay

Appropriate procedures for terminating a teacher, suspending or expelling a student, and administering corporal punishment - Essay Example For that reason, it is very important that one understands the appropriate procedures in dealing people's concerns within an educational institution. This may as well stresses ones rights towards just and fair judgment in every situation. A certain disciplinary procedure is used in dealing with teachers cases to ensure that should a particular teacher is alleged for any form of misconduct, he may receive fair and consistent judgment. The current law allows termination of teaching contract due to immorality or inefficiency. It also emphasizes that a certain due-process must be complied in terminating teachers (Ohio Legislative Service Commission, 1997). First and foremost, the teacher's employment record should be considered. Hence preliminary investigation should be done. The booklet "Pastoral Care in Schools: Child Protection, which provides supplementary advices and invokes disciplinary procedures when necessary, should be consulted whenever the issues are related to child protection (deni.gov, 2008). Once investigation is completed, the Disciplinary Authority will decide on the appropriate action. Should it be decided that the case invokes formal procedure; the Disciplinary Authority has to ask for advice from the Employing Authority.

Management of Business System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management of Business System - Research Paper Example Thus an optimal product mix consisting of only D, E, F, H, I, J, K, O, P, R has been proposed. Other products can be discontinued. Modular process design and business process management system are recommended to implement along with this revised optimal product mix. This affords flexibility and enhances the capability to handle competition. Grouping of similar products and their standardised production, while maintaining separate production lines for specialised products, is advised as specific standardisation steps. First the proposed product mix of ten items may be tested for a reasonable period, evaluated including demand fluctuations, competition and market share information. Thus a more detailed Pareto analysis can be done. The limitation of the present study is due to the available data lacking in these respects. When a company produces and sells many items, some items may fetch large incomes and some others small incomes. These incomes are related to sale price and sale volume of each product. The company is interested in maximising its total sale income with least cost, so that profit can be maximised. Reducing product mix is one way. In this paper, a situation pertaining to Chelwood Country Products is evaluated for these possibilities. Green & Krieger (1992) used Pareto analysis, sensitivity analysis, optimal product positioning, line extension, segment-based addition and response of competitors. The data provided in the case of Chelwood are not enough for such detailed study. Ordover & Panzar (1980) showed that when user demands are independent, a uniform price higher than marginal cost can be Pareto non-linear outlay schedule. When users compete for products, their demands are inter-related. Then Pareto improvement is not possible. This aspect is not known in the case of Chelwood. We may assume independent user demands. Dudek-Burlikowska & Szewieczek (2007) proposed quality research methods for estimation of sales process with Pareto analysis, Ishikawa diagram and process analysis. Process management approach is to be used in our study when better options are

Strategic Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic Control - Essay Example Therefore, the assertion that strategies are aimed at accomplishing the future aspiration of a business organization is true (Jeyarathnam, 2008). It is important to explain that strategies are always enacted continuously for a given period of time, or until the time when it is able to meet its objectives. Because strategies are developed for a long period of time, there is a need of creating controls for purposes of ensuring that the strategy under consideration is able to meet its objectives. Of the four types of controls, premise and strategic surveillance controls are the most efficient in the identification of the different needs of the company, and that of its customers (Jeyarathnam, 2008). For instance, under premise control, an organization would analyze the basic assumptions of a strategic plan, for purposes of finding out whether they will be effective when there are changes in business operations, customer’s needs, and competition. This is important because a strategic plan will only be enacted and implemented if it would manage to steer the company when changes occur in its operations. On the other hand, the surveillance strategic plan helps an organization to collect the necessary information that affects the internal and external operations of the business (Pearce and Robinson, 2013). A business organization that develops its strategies based on accurate information will most definitely come up with a relevant strategy that will meet its objectives and needs. Implementation and special alert controls are also important (Pearce and Robinson, 2013. Implementation controls helps in the identification of failures, in the manner which a strategy is implemented. On the other hand, special alert controls involve an in-depth analysis for purposes of identifying unforeseen and immediate threats that an organization

Dq-4.1-Terence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dq-4.1-Terence - Essay Example knowledge workers have extra-ordinary capabilities and are knowledgeable in most of the working environment aspects more than their fellow employees are. Collaboration among knowledge workers entails an organization encouraging this type of employees to work together and with integrated systems so that they can be able to exploit their full potential as a foundation the company’s development (Davenport 2005). The collaboration of knowledge workers is very essential to an organization because the results are fulfilling; usually, great minds put together is one best thing and core source of growth and improvement for decision-making and innovation in marketing and production. Decision-making is a significant feature for any organization but most of the time, management is left all the issues involving decision-making and it is their duty to come up with processes best for the task. Despite the drawbacks, if perfectly used, knowledge workers are can be an important facet of the decision-making process but specifically when their abilities merge through collaboration. This can be effective if they get time to ponder individually on matters at hand, evaluate, research and finally come up with strategies; thereafter, the collaboration makes a significant impact as they work on a final decision together through considering and evaluating individual strategies. Additionally, an improvement can be made in the decision making process between knowledge workers by encouraging them socialize more and outside the working environment, which enhances the structure knowledge and makes learning a part of the organization’s, culture. The integrated ERP is one of the core structures of a company since without it most of the corporate functions are hard to achieve; moreover, it enhances the organization’s shape and centers information circulation using its technological advancements. On the other hand, knowledge workers focus on modern interventions in the aspect that their

Coursework 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Coursework 1 - Assignment Example The Edhi Foundation also has air ambulances so that they can reach faster to remote areas. Its headquarters are in Karachi, Pakistan and in Karachi alone it has eight hospitals that provide free medicinal care, cater to diabetes patients, eye hospitals, a cancer hospital etc. There are also two blood banks managed by the Edhi Foundation in Karachi. Many lives have been saved by their services, be it babies, orphans, mothers, the elderly. (Foundation, 2012) Edhi and his wife Bilquis have been like what water is to a parched land and they have spent their entire lives working for the welfare of the needy in Pakistan and abroad and they continue to do so. They function in eleven places outside Pakistan and are perhaps the only charitable organization that has gone international in Pakistan. They are totally committed to the people; fame and publicity have never attracted them and they prefer to just be dedicated to a lifetime of work and betterment of the society. (Magnier, 2011) Abdul Sattar Edhi, the founder of this society was brought up in a way that inculcated kindness as a part of everything in him. His mother brought him up with strong morals and he saw the impoverished life of the poor and sought to help them. He started with his one can called the â€Å"poor man’s van† and lead up to what his society is today: claiming bodies, burying them, rescuing people from any ailment he possibly could. Since he started, his ambulances have been all over Karachi, in good times and bad equally. He has been truly there for the people, which is why his organization again has a competitive advantage over others. Apart from always being there, they were the first South Asian Foundation to own air ambulances. There are 3,500 workers and many volunteers who help make it the best organization possible for the people. (Foundation, 2012) And despite all the fame he could

Democratization processes and rise of corporate power Essay

Democratization processes and rise of corporate power - Essay Example In this respect, the government must respect a citizen's right to associate freely, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of expression and the freedom to criticize their leaders. Members of a democratic society have the right to know the goings on in their country; they ought to be able to stand for any civic or parliamentary post within their country or vote for a leader of their choice. Such governments must not discriminate women or other groups from participating in government. Citizens have a right to choose whatever political party they prefer and to involve themselves in campaigns .Lastly, the rule of law must apply in a democratic state. This means that no one can take away another's right and be left unpunished. The law keeps powers of government under check and no one should think they are above the law including the head of state. Citizens in a democratic state should not use their powers within their offices to infringe others. Imprisonment, torture or other un fair treatments have no place in democracy (Anderson, 2000) Corporate power is not a new issue in the world today. There are numerous ways in which corporations demonstrate their far reaching political abilities. Corporations have dominated economies of the world and have the ability to surpass common law to the detriment of the common man. Consequently, the process of democracy has been affected by the influence exerted by these corporations. The relationship between these two aspects is what shall be examined in detail in the next section of the essay. Unlimited power on the part of corporations also causes a huge impact on the social and environmental aspects of people's lives. (Anderson, 2000) Democracy and the rise of corporate power Decision making ability The rise of corporate power has transferred the right to make decisions from citizen's lives to big time corporations thus demeaning the major principles of a true democracy. This type of influence enables corporations to make decisions about what technology a country should adopt and what kind of production should be adopted within a certain country. Corporations use their power to determine the kind of methods used for production. Because these large corporations market, employ and deal with majority of the country's population, they cause a large effect on them. Corporate influence surpasses the law because corporations are regarded as private entities in most countries of the world. In this sense therefore, they cannot be questioned when they make their choices. Corporations also participate in politics. They do so by lobbying and giving politicians treats such as a dinner or luncheons. In such cases, they have direct influence in the way things are done Political contributions Corporations have been known to participate in political processes through the monetary contributions which they have made. A research done by the Institute for Policy Studies in the year 2000 showed that there are about eighty two companies that made contributions in the United States during their last election. The sum total of money contributed by these corporations was about thirty three million dollars. This was the largest contribution made by any entity in the election. Compared to the next highest contributor in the elections; Labor Unions, Corporations exceeded the

ELL Schools and Families Essay Example for Free

ELL Schools and Families Essay The population of English Language Learners (ELL) are increasing in educational institutions primarily influenced by globalization and immigration. It has been projected that within the coming years, the percentage of children attending educational institutions in the country shall be non-English speakers. The term ELL is brought about by the shift in the English language-learning paradigm that represents the trend in language acquisition. (Bank Street) The increasing population of ELL’s are putting pressures on the educational atmosphere as educational institutions are forced to alter their curriculum to accommodate the needs and concerns of the learners. (Abedi, 2002) Integrating a program for ELL’s in the school setting is a great challenge for the educational institution, the teacher, the learner, and one’s family. Teaching non-English speakers who are not able to both understand and speak the language is more difficult than teaching English speakers the rules of the language are, for instance. Challenges include the need for educational institutions to implement a curriculum that fits the requirements of the ELL’s. Teachers, on the other hand need to be aware of the appropriate techniques and strategies that would be efficient in the success of language accommodation and acculturation. For learners, engaging in an unfamiliar environment is not motivating them to eagerly learn. (Mercuri, 2003) To address the problems and concerns that ELL’s face in the learning environment, society looks to the involvement of the family in order to strengthen the school as an institution that fully supports English language learners. (Collier Thomas, 1999) Family involvement play a significant role during the learning process of ELL’s. According to a research conducted in order to determine guidelines that the No Child Left Behind Act shall implement, the involvement of family members to school activities such as programs that aims to promote development of academic standing and preparation for the next level of English language learning increases the chance of successes that a learner shall be able to accomplish. This is because families understand the needs and the difficulties of their children, and are also able to see their progress with regards to academics, pushing them to encourage, support, and value learning as an integral part of their children’s success. (Epstein, 2004) Moreover, it is the responsibility of the school to build a relationship with the family of the learner in order to inform them of the developmental stages and the changes that the children are going to experience, as they grow older. This particular knowledge gives families the idea of how to build a supportive home environment that boosts learning. This particular interaction between the school and the family allows the educational institution to understand the cultural background of families and determine their goals and objectives for their children when it comes to English language learning. (Epstein, 2004) Providing a supportive sociocultural environment is at the heart of tapping into the potential of ELL’s to benefit largely from the English language learning program. Interaction between the educational institution and the families contributes to this objective. Looking at their parents interact with the members of the educational institution motivates learners to build relationships with the institution as well, without any apprehensions as brought about by fear of cultural rejection. (Collier Thomas, 1999) An article written by Rhona Barton for the Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory discovers cases wherein active involvement of parents leads to academic success of the learners, especially in socially interacting within the school environment. (Barton, 2006) Educational institutions with English language learning programs do not necessarily implement the use of the English language at home, as decisions regarding the matter are based on cultural considerations. Schools should consider the importance of native language to ELL’s and their families. However, the continued use of English at home and the support of the family when it comes to home language speeds up the learning process, schools still acknowledge that the ELL’s are aware of language learning based on their knowledge of their native language. (Ortiz, 2001) Schools should also provide alternatives for families in order for them to adjust or cope with the changes that ELL affects within their family life. Schools should inform them of educational options such as tutorial services that are made available at home or in schools, support groups within the community that assists families in their needs and concerns regarding the issue of English language learning. Family counseling is also an option as it allows medical professionals to help in determining problems or obstacles that the family shall be facing, and strengthening family relationships in order to withstand the challenges of immersing into a community and cultural environment that they are not familiar with. For specific problems such as financial aspect of English language learning, the federal government entitles families to funding as authorized by the federal Title I funding program. (Ortiz, 2001) Partnership of educational institutions with families are best established through communication and social interaction. Schools should be able to develop and maintain a stable relationship with the families that is primarily grounded on the objective of affecting learning and making ELL’s experience success within the unfamiliar learning environment. Moreover, through this, schools are enriched and enlightened with the knowledge of different cultural backgrounds within the school environment and be able to modify the learning atmosphere to fit the culture, beliefs, and traditions of non-English speakers. Teachers should be able to communicate the needs and concerns of ELL’s to their families, in order for them to understand how they are going accommodate the needs of their children who are involved in English language learning. Schools should establish regular meetings with the teachers, and ask them to get involved with programs and school activities that harness English language learning and support the need of their children to learn the English language. If possible, home visitations are one of the best ways to establish a strong foundation of relationship between the school and the families. (Barton, 2006) References Abedia, J. (2002). â€Å"Assessment and Accommodation of English Language: Issues, Concerns, and Recommendations. † Retrieved May 1, 2008, from NCA Commission on Accreditation and School Improvement. Website: http://www. ncacasi. org/jsi/2002v3i1/assessment Bank Street. (2008). â€Å"English Language Learners: Working with Children Whom English is a New Language. † Retrieved May 1, 2008, from Bank Street. Website: http://www. bnkst. edu/literacyguide/ell. html Barton, R. (2006). â€Å"Forging Family Ties. † Retrieved May 2, 2008, from Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. Website: http://www. nwrel. org/nwedu/11-03/forge/ Collier, V. P. Thomas, W. P. (1999). â€Å"Making U. S. Schools Effective for English Language Learners, Part 3. † TESOL Matters, Vol. 9, No. 6. Retrieved May 1, 2008, from TESOL. Website: http://www. tesol. org/s_tesol/sec_document. asp? CID=196DID=826 Epstein, J. (2004). â€Å"Meeting NCLB Requirements for Family Involvement. † Middle Ground, Vol. 4, No. 3. Retrieved May 1, 2008, from National Middle School Association. Website: http://www. nmsa. org/portals/0/pdf/publications/On_Target/family_involvement/family_9. pdf Mercuri, S. (2003). â€Å"Helping Middle and High School Age English Language Learners Achieve Academic Success. † NABE Journal of Research and Practice. Retrieved May 1, 2008. Website: http://www. uc. edu/njrp/pdfs/freeman. pdf Ortiz, A. (2001). â€Å"English Language Learners With Special Needs: Effective Instructional Strategies. † Retrieved May 2, 2008, from CAL. Website:

Understanding Non-verbal Communication Essay Example for Free

Understanding Non-verbal Communication Essay Communication has always been an integral component of accomplishing goals and objectives of any institution and organization. It is used as a tool in conveying information and promoting the values, principles and objectives of any institution. Likewise, non-verbal communication is also a process deemed vital in the interplay of individuals within an organization or group. Seeing this, by adequately understanding the different ways that people can communicate, individuals can harness the needed boost towards better facilitation, management, and cooperation needed. In the end, by boosting the skills needed to maximize non-verbal communication, each one can extract new approaches to make practice more effective and efficient. Understanding Non-verbal communication Before elaborating on the relevance of non-verbal communication, it is essential that people understand the meaning of the concept. By grasping this concept, each one can effectively apply the strategies and methods of intensifying and providing the needed avenues for change. With these, the term refers to the imparting of messages to parties via other channels other than words (Fowler, 2006). This method can be considered innate in our biological makeup as humans. â€Å"Non-verbal behaviour predates verbal communication because individuals, since birth, rely first on non-verbal means to express themselves† (Besson, et. al. , 2005, p. 1). At the same time, this process comprises of different parts and revolve around (1) visual, (2) tactile, (3) vocal, and (3) use of time space and image (CBA. edu, 2006). These things in turn are manifested by using different practices such as facial expression, body language, etc. (BOMI, 2006). All these actions seek to relay information and denote a particular meaning in the action given or imparted to the receiver. Seeing this, it is then essential to underline the ways that people interact non-verbally. By doing this, there can be better avenues for increased understanding among the speaker and receiver engaged in a conversation. Intonation and Tone of voice The use of intonation and tone of voice are relevant ideas to consider as far as non-verbal communication is concerned. The firs concept involves deciphering the â€Å"end of an entity of information, which – in written communication – is shown by means of a comma, semicolon, point, exclamation mark or question mark† (Besson, et. al. , 2005, p. 3). Comprehending this can benefit the individual in actively determining the mood and feelings of the speaker. On the other hand, tone of voice is another essential component of non-verbal communication. In this process, it seeks to connote the attitude of the speaker towards a chosen area or topic being discussed (Fowler, 2006). This is essentially vital for listeners to decipher because it can give them the idea surrounding the overall intention of the speaker is relaying to its target audience. Gestures and Facial Expressions Another significant element that individuals should understand is the relative message that gestures and facial expressions can give to the overall idea that the speaker wants to imply. Looking at it, these two ideas revolve around the body movements that are aligned with the verbal component (Your Communication Skills, 2007). These things in turn also cater to express the feelings, sentiments and opinions of individuals towards a specific issue being discussed. Seeing this, by carefully observing the speakers and listeners, one can effectively decode their responses towards the information conveyed to them. Interpreting Non-verbal Communication Interpretation remains an essential element in creating proficiency and better insight in the practice of non-verbal communication. In here, the individual must carefully observe and look into cues that can cultivate and supplement their verbal responses on a given issue or subject. These things can then eliminate areas of confusion, conflict and disagreements between individuals and groups. One important way to practice non-verbal communication is by engaging in face-to-face interaction. This practice can help one individual to actively observe and apply the related components of the idea. â€Å"Face-to-face communication provides immediate feedback and is the richest information medium because of the many information channels available through voice, eye contact, posture, blush, and body language† (BOMI, 2006, p. 1). Seeing this, listening and observation are the key elements to make this endeavor successful. In addition, face-to-face interaction can enhance new principles and objectives that can create and establish strong relationships among actors within a particular group/organization. This process can in turn provide the needed outcomes in achieving potential benefits for all individuals involved. â€Å"It is the appropriate medium for delegating tasks, coaching, disciplining, instructing, sharing information, answering questions, checking progress toward objectives, and developing and maintaining interpersonal relations† (BOMI, 2006). Looking at the listening component, this is relevant in better comprehending the term because of its ability to infuse better appreciation and understanding of the topic. This practice can create sensitivity not only in the verbal component but also cater towards extracting verbal cues if properly coordinated with the proper observation skills (Giddens and Griffiths, 2006). Moreover, â€Å"when one listens they have to hear the emotion in the words and read between the lines of the words to get the full meaning of a transmission that is received† (Your Communication Skills, 2007, p. 1). Thus, it is essential for these two actions to be properly incorporated when one engages into dialogue with others. Looking into cultural differences Since communication is a social construct, another essential element that should be looked into is the occurrence of cultural differences among people/group engaged in conversation. With the increasing diversity and interaction within different environments, it is possible that individuals interpret actions in different ways. Seeing this, â€Å"a successful interpretation of non-verbal elements conveyed by the speaker requires the same understanding of the symbols shared between interpreter and speaker† (Besson, et. al. , 2006, p. 1). Realizing this situation, it can beneficial if people can take into account the relevance of cultural background in communication practices. One thing to determine these non-verbal cues is becoming aware and sensitive to these things and uses them as an instrument for interpretation and analysis (Fowler, 2006). Rather than seeing this as a barrier of conducting effective communication and interaction, culture must be used as a medium of increasing competence and correctly interpret the cues and symbols given (Giddens and Griffiths, 2006). Opening up avenues for feedback Like any other social construct, communication should also try to reach out and open up new avenues for change and improvement. This then entitles a particular organization/group to come up with new ideas aligned on creating better understanding on the interaction process and take into consideration the impact of non-verbal communication in the achievement of goals and processes (CBA. edu, 2006). Likewise, it opens up the potential of filling in the gaps within the communication process and extracts newer outcomes in the process. Seeing this, instead of correcting and finding fault in the shortcomings of many individuals in such process, constructive feedbacks can then be applied to create a renewed understanding and commitment. Under this procedure, several methods can be introduced to extract opinions and facilitate the needed avenues for development. Conclusion To conclude, non-verbal communication remains to be an important component to consider as far as communication and dialogue is concerned. This allows individuals to effectively and efficiently decipher the needed information that can support the essence of interaction and exchange of ideas. Due to this, careful considerations must be made in order to fully comprehend the impact of the concept. By taking account the factors that affect non-verbal communication and creating a feedback mechanisms, better outcomes can be administered and enhance interpersonal relationship among individuals/groups involved. References Besson, C. , Graf, D. , Hartung, I. , Kropfhausser, B. and Voisard, S. (2005) The Importance of Non-verbal communication in Professional Interpretation in aiic. Retrieved March 27, 2009 from, http://www. aiic. net/ViewPage. cfm/page1662. htm#2 BOMI (2006) Effective Communication in the Workplace. Retrieved March 27, 2009 1-5. CBU. edu (2006) The importance of effective communication. Retrieved March 27, 2009 from, http://web. cba. neu. edu/~ewertheim/interper/commun. htm Fowler, K. (2006) Communicating Effectively – Why you need to get your message across. Retrieved March 27, 2009. 1-4 Giddens, A. and Griffiths, S. (2006) Social Interaction in Everyday Life in Sociology. (US; Polity) Retrieved March 27, 2009. 133-139. Your Communication Skills (2007) Communication skills. Retrieved March 27, 2009 from, http://www. yourcommunicationskills. com/nonverbalcommunicationskills. html

Advanced Design System

Advanced Design System DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A SINGLE-STUB NOTCH FILTER USING AGILENTS ADVANCE DESIGN SYSTEM (ADSTM) ABSTRACT: The purpose of this case study is to acquire an idea on the design of single-stub notch filters using Agilent advanced design system (ADSTM). By properly calculating the required width, length and insertion loss of the single stub notch filter using ADS one can design a notch filter which can block frequencies not required. In the micro strip layout when wavelength of the stub is , the open circuit of the stub is converted to short circuit and signals along the notch filter are blocked. By adjusting the width and using various functions like line calc the parameters of the filter are calculated and the filter is designed and analysed. Agilent advanced system is an effective software for the analysis of the microwave links. INTRODUCTION: Advanced Design System (ADSTM): Advanced Design System is the industry leader in high-frequency domain design. It supports electronic systems and RF design engineers developing all types of RF designs, from simple to the most complex, from RF or microwave modules to be integrated MMICs for communications and aerospace/defense applications. ADS is With a complete set of simulation technologies ranging from frequency, time, numeric and physical domain simulation to electromagnetic field simulation, ADS lets designers fully characterize and optimize designs. The single, integrated design, GUI graphical user interface environment provides system, circuit, and electromagnetic simulators, along with schematic capture, layout, and verification capability eliminating the starts and stops associated with changing design tools in mid-cycle. ADS can be used for virtual prototyping, debugging, or as an aid in manufacturing test. To enhance engineering productivity and shorten time-to-market, ADS software offers a high level of design automation and applications intelligence. This proven software environment is easily extensible: we can customize ADS by adding features focused on your particular application needs. An AD runs on PCs and workstations, with complete file compatibility between platforms and across networks. [8] Advanced Design Systemis a powerful electronic design automation software used by leading companies in the wireless communication networking and aerospace defence industries. For WiMAXâ„ ¢, LTE, multi-gigabit per second data links, radar, satellite applications, ADS provides full, standards-based design and verification with Wireless Libraries and circuit-system-EM co-simulation in an integrated platform. Key Benefits of ADS  · Complete, integrated set of fast, accurate and easy-to-use system, circuit EM simulators enable first-pass design success in a complete desktop flow.  · Application-specific Design Guides encapsulate years of expertise in an easy-to-use interface. Components used in (ADSTM) system Term (Port Impedance for S-parameters): Parameters: Name Description Units Default Num Port number Integer 1 Z Reference impedance, use 1+j*0 for complex Ohm 50 Noise Enable/disable port thermal noise: yes, no (for AC or harmonic balance analysis only; not for S-parameter analysis) None yes V(DC) Open circuit DC voltage None None Temp Temperature oC None Table1: Parameters of Term Note: ‘Term can be used in all simulations. For S-parameter simulations it is used to define the impedance and location of the ports. When not in use, it is treated as an impedance with the value R + JX. The reactance is ignored for dc simulations. MLOC (Micro strip Open-Circuited Stub): MLOC symbol MLOC Illustration Parameters: Name Description Units Default Subst Substrate instance name None MSub1 W Line width mil 25.0 L Line length mil 100.0 Wall1 Distance from near edge of strip H to first sidewall; Wall1 > 1/2 Ãâ€" Maximum( W, H) mil 1.0e+30 Wall2 Distance from near edge of strip H to second sidewall; Wall2 > 1/2 Ãâ€" Maximum( W, H) mil 1.0e+30 Temp Physical temperature (see Notes)  °C None Mod Choice of dispersion model None Kirschning Table 2: Parameters of MLOC Range of Usage: 1≠¤Er ≠¤128 ; 0.01 ≠¤ ≠¤ 100 Where, Er = dielectric constant (from associated Subst) H = substrate thickness (from associated Subst) Recommended Range for different dispersion models Kirschning and Jansen: 1≠¤Er ≠¤20; 0.1Ãâ€"H≠¤W ≠¤100Ãâ€"H Kobayashi: 1 ≠¤Er ≠¤128; 0.1Ãâ€"H ≠¤ W ≠¤10Ãâ€"H; 0 ≠¤H≠¤0.13Ãâ€"ÃŽ » Yamashita: 2 ≠¤Er ≠¤16; 0.05Ãâ€"H ≠¤W ≠¤16Ãâ€"H Where, ÃŽ »= wavelength; freq ≠¤ 100 GHz Notes and Equations : 1. The frequency-domain analytical model uses the Kirschning and Jansen formula to calculate the static impedance, Zo, and effective dielectric constant, Eeff. The attenuation factor, ÃŽ ±, is calculated using the incremental inductance rule by Wheeler. The frequency dependence of the skin effect is included in the conductor loss calculation. Dielectric loss is also included in the loss calculation. 2. Dispersion effects are included using either the improved version of the Kirschning and Jansen model, the Kobayashi model, or the Yamashita model, depending on the choice specified in Mod. The program defaults to using the Kirschning and Jansen formula. 3. For time-domain analysis, an impulse response obtained from the frequency analytical model is used. 4. The Temp parameter is only used in noise calculations. 5. For noise to be generated, the transmission line must be lossy (loss generates thermal noise). 6. To turn off noise contribution, set Temp to −273.15 °C. 7. When the Hu parameter of the substrate is less than 100Ãâ€"H, the enclosure effect will not be properly calculated if Wall1 and Wall2 are left blank. 8. Wall1 and Wall2 must satisfy the following constraints: Min(Wall1) > 1/2Ãâ€"Maximum(W, H) Min(Wall2) > 1/2Ãâ€"Maximum(W, H) MLIN (Micro strip Line): MLIN symbol MLIN Illustration Parameters: Name Description Units Default Subst Substrate instance name None MSub1 W Line width mil 25.0 L Line length mil 100.0 Wall1 Distance from near edge of strip H to first sidewall; Wall1 > 1/2 Ãâ€" Maximum( W, H) mil 1.0e+30 Wall2 Distance from near edge of strip H to second sidewall; Wall2 > 1/2 Ãâ€" Maximum( W, H) mil 1.0e+30 Temp Physical temperature (see Notes)  °C None Mod Choice of dispersion model None Kirschning Table 3: Parameters of MLIN Range of Usage: 1 ≠¤ ER ≠¤ 128; 0.01 ≠¤ ≠¤ 100 Where, ER = dielectric constant (from associated Subst) H = substrate thickness (from associated Subst) Recommended Range for different dispersion models Kirschning and Jansen: 1 ≠¤ Er ≠¤ 20; 0.1 Ãâ€" H ≠¤ W ≠¤ 100 Ãâ€" H Kobayashi: 1 ≠¤ Er ≠¤ 128; 0.1 Ãâ€" H ≠¤ W ≠¤ 10 Ãâ€" H; 0 ≠¤ H ≠¤ 0.13 Ãâ€" ÃŽ » Yamashita: 2 ≠¤ Er ≠¤ 16; 0.05 Ãâ€" H ≠¤ W ≠¤ 16 Ãâ€" H Where ÃŽ »= wavelength; freq ≠¤ 100 GHz Notes and Equations: 1. The frequency-domain analytical model uses the Hammerstad and Jensen formula to calculate the static impedance, Zo, and effective dielectric constant, Εeff. The attenuation factor, ÃŽ ±, is calculated using the incremental inductance rule by Wheeler. The frequency dependence of the skin effect is included in the conductor loss calculation. Dielectric loss is also included in the loss calculation. 2. Dispersion effects are included using either the improved version of the Kirschning and Jansen model, the Kobayashi model, or the Yamashita model, depending on the choice specified in Mod. The program defaults to using the Kirschning and Jansen formula. 3. For time-domain analysis, an impulse response obtained from the frequency analytical model is used. 4. The Temp parameter is only used in noise calculations. 5. For noise to be generated, the transmission line must be lossy (loss generates thermal noise). 6. To turn off noise contribution, set Temp to −273.15 °C. 7. When the Hu parameter of the substrate is less than 100 Ãâ€" H, the enclosure effect will not be properly calculated if Wall1 and Wall2 are left blank. 8. Wall1 and Wall2 must satisfy the following constraints: Min(Wall1) > 1/2 Ãâ€" Maximum(W, H) Min(Wall2) > 1/2 Ãâ€" Maximum(W, H) MTEE (Microstrip T-Junction): MTEE symbol MTEE Illustration Parameters: Name Description Units Subst Microstrip substrate name None W1 Conductor width at pin 1 Mil W2 Conductor width at pin 2 Mil W3 Conductor width at pin 3 Mil Temp Physical temperature  °C Table 4: Parameters of MTEE Range of Usage: 0.05 Ãâ€" H ≠¤ W1 ≠¤ 10 Ãâ€" H; 0.05 Ãâ€" H ≠¤ W2 ≠¤ 10 Ãâ€" H; 0.05 Ãâ€" H ≠¤ W3 ≠¤ 10 Ãâ€" H Er ≠¤ 20 Wlargest/Wsmallest≠¤ 5 where Wlargest, Wsmallest are the largest, smallest width among W2, W2, W3 f(GHz) Ãâ€" H (mm) ≠¤ 0.4 Ãâ€" Z0 Z0 is the characteristic impedance of the line with Wlargest Notes and Equations: 1. The frequency-domain model is an empirically based, analytical model. The model modifies E. Hammerstad model formula to calculate the Tee junction discontinuity at the location defined in the reference for wide range validity. A reference plan shift is added to each of the ports to make the reference planes consistent with the layout. 2. The center lines of the strips connected to pins 1 and 2 are assumed to be aligned. 3. For time-domain analysis, an impulse response obtained from the frequency-domain analytical model is used. 4. The Temp parameter is only used in noise calculations. 5. For noise to be generated, the transmission line must be lossy (loss generates thermal noise). Single-stub notch filter: In Radio Communication Systems, undesired harmonics are generated. A micro strip notch filters undesired harmonics in a narrow band device like a mobile phone. A Notch filter is a device that passes all frequencies except those in a stop band centred on a centre frequency. The quality factor plays a major role in eliminating the frequencies undesired. Quality factor (Q) of a band pass or notch filter is defined as the centre frequency of a filter divided by the bandwidth. Where, bandwidth is the difference between frequency of the upper 3dB roll off point and frequency of the lower 3dB roll off point. TRANSMISSION LINE THEORY: place to another for directing the transmission of energy, such as electromagnetic waves or acoustic waves, as well as electric power transmission. Components of transmission lines include wires, coaxial cables, dielectric slabs, optical fibres, electric power lines, and waveguides. Consider the micro strip layout of a notch filter, In the designing of the micro-strip circuits (i.e. filters), the basic parameters are impedance Z0 and guide wavelength ÃŽ »g which are considered as TEM transmission line. The impedance in the open circuit stub Zin is as given below, Zin = ZS} Where ZL=∞, so we ignore ZS Zin = ZS} = ZS { } = ZS { } = j ZS cot ÃŽ ² l However, l = , ÃŽ ² l = = Therefore, cot ÃŽ ² l=0 So, Zin = -j ZS cot ÃŽ ² l=0 hence â”Å'L = = ∞/∞ = 1 so VSWR = = 2/0 = This indicates that the signal whose wavelength is will have very low impedance and hence it is a short circuit Thus Insertion loss response at frequency f0 is high except for other frequencies, this is because cot ÃŽ ² l is no longer zero. Insertion loss and return loss are two important data to evaluate the quality of many passive fiber optic components, such as fiber optic patch cord and fiber optic connector and many more. Insertion loss: Definition The Insertion Loss of a line is the ratio of the power received at the end of the line to the power transmitted into the line. Insertion loss refers to the fibre optic light loss caused when a fibre optic component insert into another one to form the fibre optic link. Insertion loss can result from absorption, misalignment or air gap between the fibre optic components. We want the insertion loss to be as less as possible. Our fibre optic components insertion loss is less than 0.2dB typical, less than 0.1dB types available on request. An expression for insertion loss is IL= 10log10 [1 +(YS/2)2] Return loss: Return Loss is a measure of the reflected energy from a transmitted signal. It is commonly expressed in positive dBs. The larger the value, the less energy that is reflected. Return loss can be calculated using the following equation: IMPRLT10.gif (1294 bytes) Return loss is a measure of VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio), expressed in decibels (db). The return-loss is caused due to impedance mismatch between two or more circuits. For a simple cable assembly, there will be a mismatch where the connector is connected to the cable. There may be an impedance mismatch caused by bends or cuts in a cable. At microwave frequencies, the material properties as well as the dimensions of the cable or connector plays important role in determining the impedance match or mismatch. A high value of return-loss denotes better quality of the system under test (or device under test). For example, a cable with a return loss of 21 db is better than another similar cable with a return loss of 14 db, and so on. Phase Response of the notch filter: The phase response of a notch filter shows the greatest rate of change at the centre frequency. The rate of change becomes more rapid as the Q of the filter increases. The group delay of a notch filter is greatest at the centre frequency, and becomes longer as the Q of the filter increases. EXPERIMENT SUB PARTS CASE-STUDY PART 1: Aim: Designing and simulation of a notch filter at 3 GHz using Agilents ADSTM for the given design specifications. Requirement: Electrical performance: Centre frequency: 3.0 GHz Insertion loss: >25.0 dB Input/output Impedance: 50 ÃŽ © Substrate specifications: Material type: 3M Cu-clad Dielectric constant (ÃŽ µr): 2.17 Thickness (h): 0.794mm Conductor thickness (t): 35um Conductivity (ÏÆ'): 5.84e+7 S/m tanÃŽ ´: 0.0009 MLIN, MLOC and MTEE are micro strip elements defined in ADSTM which is used to construct the circuit Explanation: We need to simulate and design a notch filter at 3 GHz here, using Agilents ADS. When the above specifications are used in ADS, the width of the microstrip lines is obtained as 2.42mm corresponding to 50 ohms transmission line using Line calc function. The Line Calc function is also used to determine the effective dielectric constant (Keff) of 3M Cu-clad Substrate at 3.0GHZ from which the initial, length of the open circuit stub can be calculated. ÃŽ µr = 2.1 Keff = 1.854 at 3.0GHZ (from line calc) , ÃŽ »0 = 100 m (at 3.0 GHZ) ÃŽ »g = ÃŽ »0 /(Keff)1/2 = 100/(1.854)1/2 =73.44mm; ÃŽ »g/4 =18.36 mm The initial design length of the open circuit stub is 18.354 mm. Thus we obtain the following substrate specifications at Centre frequency: 3.0 GHz, Insertion loss: greater than 25.0 dB and Input/output Impedance: Material type: 3M Cu-Clad, Dielectric constant (ÃŽ µr): 2.17, Thickness (h): 0.794m, Conductor thickness (t): 35um, Conductivity (ÏÆ'): 5.84e+7 S/m, taná ¶ ¿=0.0009, l = 18.36mm W(Width of the micro strip lines)=2.42mm From these specifications we obtain the plot of Insertion Loss Response(S21) indicating about 49.234 dB attenuation near 3 GHz which is shown in 8 To observe the effect of varying the length of the open circuit stub , the same procedure of simulation is repeated twice or thrice with different values of length of open circuit stub given as follows L1=20, L2=18.34, L3=16.As we can see in the 9 that as the length of open stub increases the frequency decreases. As the length of open stub must be ÃŽ »g/4 and so the 50ÃŽ © micro strip line is blocked and hence the signal is passed and if there is change in the length then the micro strip is not blocked hence the signal is blocked. Analysis of the case study 1: From the case study1, it proves that at wavelength ÃŽ »g/4 the open circuit at point S of the stub is transformed to short circuit and the signals passing along AB micro strip is blocked. Thus we design a filter at 3 GHz frequency. When the wavelength is ÃŽ »g/4 the signal will see very low impedance to ground at point S and hence is short circuited. This signal will be absorbed from the signals applied at input A, which will manifest high attenuation in its insertion loss at 3GHz.All other signals remain unaffected, hence low insertion loss accept near 3GHz. CASE-STUDY PART 2: Aim: Using the ADSTM Tuning facility, investigate the effect of varying the width of the stub filter. Determine the width of line which provides minimum out of band loss whilst maintaining the original filter specifications (i.e.>25 db at 3.0 GHz) Requirement: Electrical performance: Centre frequency: 3.0 GHz Insertion loss: >25.0 dB Input/output Impedance: 50 ÃŽ © Substrate specifications: Material type: 3M Cu-clad Dielectric constant (ÃŽ µr): 2.17 Thickness (h): 0.794mm Conductor thickness (t): 35um Conductivity (ÏÆ'): 5.84e+7 S/m tanÃŽ ´: 0.0009 CS2 10: Circuit Diagram of Stub Notch filter obtained by ADS Simulation Explanation: When the width of the stub is 5mm and length is 18.8mm the response obtained is as shown below Now we vary the width of the stub to investigate the effect. . In this process the width of the stub filter is changed at different values from w1=5mm, w2=2.5mm, w3=2mm, w4=1mm, w5=0.2mm as shown in 12. Here we also note that when varying the width of line, both the width of the stub line and corresponding width on the MTEE section must is varied. After varying the width using tuning fork function of the ADS facility we obtain a response at 3GHz and width is noted as 0.2mm.The 13 shows the following. Analysis of case study 2: The width of the line determines its impedance. If the impedance is high thinner the line and viceversa.When the width of the i/o transmission line is equivalent to the width of the stub then Insertion loss is at 0Db and when width of the i/o transmission line is greater than the width of the stub then Insertion loss tends to 0Db. In the above case thus we vary the width of the stub and transmission line and when centre frequency is 3 GHz and the width is 0.2mm the insertion loss is very low. Lower the insertion loss more is the signal transmitted. CASE- STUDY PART 3: Aim To design a notch filter at centre frequency of 4.5GHZ and it should cancel the spurious signal and unwanted harmonics by at least 24db with minimum out of band loss with the specifications given below Requirement: Electrical specifications: Centre frequency: 4.5 GHz Insertion loss: >25.0 dB Input/output Impedance: 50 ÃŽ © Substrate specifications: Material type: 3M Cu-clad Dielectric constant (ÃŽ µr): 2.17 Thickness (h): 0.794mm Conductor thickness (t): 35um Conductivity (ÏÆ'): 5.84e+7 S/m tanÃŽ ´: 0.0009 Explanation: In the responses shown below we have obtained the 24 dB difference by adjusting the frequency at 4.5 GHz. In CS3 14 the length and width are adjusted to obtain the particular response Analysis of case study 3: In case study 3 we understand the way of designing a notch filter to cancel the spurious signals generated by wireless communication systems. CONCLUSION: This case study helps us analyse the notch filter. The notch filter is designed and its basics and working are understood. The tool ADS proves very effective in this learning. To conclude, this experiment gives us a broader knowledge about transmission theory. The concept is deeply understood. In wireless communications the unwanted harmonics and spurious signals generated are cancelled by this notch filter enabling a better reception. Thus designing of such a notch filter is learnt.

Discovery learning and math teaching

Discovery learning and math teaching Castronova, J. (2002). Discovery Learning for the 21st Century: What is it and How Does it Compare to Traditional Learning in Effectiveness in the 21st Century? Action Research Exchange 1 (1). The researchers in this article developed a technology tool of discovery learning which called web quest. They defined discovery learning as the technique to learn and can be assistance by teaching process. Also, try to discover the efficiency of a technology depended on discovery learning. Researchers agree that the effective learning should be active more than passive, learning procedures, and how failure and feedback both are very important. And the last one was the depth of understanding. The researchers show that to theories which they depend it of discovery learning such as John Dewey, Jean Piaget and Levvygot sky and the teacher center of attention on students refection and he answered the student questions but as indirect way and students will not be learn if they didnt make mistakes, so they have to make these mistakes to learn very well. Additionally, researchers indicated the basic architectures, which found in discovery learning 1) case based learning, 2) incidental learning 3) learning by exploring 4) learning by reflection and simulation based learning. Moreover, this article covers the main 4 idea of focus 1) motivation 2) relation 3) achievement, 4) transference. A-Web Quest is a educational tool of an inquiring oriented activity that uses recourses from internet to complete and finish their projects. I think this resource is a valuable, reliable, and its very important because it shows that a Web Quest is a good tool for teachers and useful for integrating the technology in classroom. Rieber, L.P. (2009). Supporting Discovery-Based Learning within Simulations. Cognitive Effects of Multimedia Learning. (pp 218-228). IGI Global:USA This study describes the visualization in education simulations and this article covers how are using different simulation representations and creative designs to the simulations interface. Furthermore, researchers showed that the theoretical carry for visualization in learning for example dual coding theory and mental models. Additionally, to integrate and combine discovery learning technology and design of simulations needing to teach the teachers to support the computer based simulations. The teaching of mathematics lessons will be more interactive and effective if these simulations applied very well and in the correct ways in the classrooms. For what I read, I found that, the positive effects of discovery learning on students achievement happen if the simulations are attractive. This article good and emphasizes to the teachers how they can design computer based simulations lessons. Zakaria,E., Nordin, N. M.(2008). The Effects of Mathematics Anxiety on Matriculation Students as Related to Motivation and Achievement Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science Technology Education, 4(1), 27-30. Retrieved from http://www.iwm-kmrc.de/workshops/visualization/rieber.pdf One of the aims of matriculation education was to develop students knowledge competency and interest in the subject area (Nordin Zakaria) 2007. The authors in this study try to investigate if there was a statistical difference between matriculation students motivation and achievement when they were can classified depending to math anxiety levels and if the discovery learning has effective in learning progress. The researchers applies this study on (73 females and 15 male) students, they selected by volunteer and they know it is will not affect in their grades during the semester. About the results if this study was emphasized that there was a relationship between anxiety and achievement. Thats mean if mathematics anxiety scores increase then the achievement scores decrease and vice versa.. In addition, there are teaching procedures, which decrease mathematics anxiety suggested by Woodard (2004) (1) Create an environment in which students do not feel helpless and allow them to relax and rest. (2) Use cooperative grouping in the class room. It helps students to understand that others have the same problems as they do. (3) Teach at a slow pace. It can help students better comprehend the material during taught. (4) provide extra teaching sessions so that they are not left behind academically. Therefore, I believe that the teachers should try to think that how they could get less anxiety on the students by preparing a good environment in their class and try to find the best ways for teaching mathematics. Duggan, M., Husman, J. (2007). Online Mathematics Achievement: Effects of Learning Strategies and Self-Efficacy Zeitschrift fà ¼r Pà ¤dagogische Psychologie, 4(1), 27-30. This Research showed that the increased independence of an online or web-based learning environment may support students motivation for learning and enhancing the discovery learning in learning. The purpose of our article was to investigate students learning strategies and motivation in the framework of an online developmental mathematics course. Moreover, the cores of this study to help teachers and be more efficient and be more convenience with this strategy. The researchers applied the experiment 511 students with 89 participants completed all the surveys they answered all the questions. There are limitations and margins of this study one of them was the number of the sample with 89 students cannot generalizing the results. The second one was the timing of the survey time problem, which collected the data at the end of semester. According to this article I believe that a good web-based learning environment will be more effect thats what the results indicated in this article, on the other hand this research is valuable and currency. Matsuda, T. (2008). Using instructional activities game to promote mathematics teachers innovative instruction US-China Education Review, 5(3), 24-30. ISSN1548-6613 The author completed a study which improves teachers professional competence and he indicated that the curriculum or the instructional method should be changed and it is difficult to change the curriculum so he chooses the instructional method. The change on the instructional method should be based on three types of scientific resources approach for solving problems in daily life. First approach uses experiments and observations, the second approach uses mathematical concepts and procedures and the last approach is computer based approach, which is easy to understand and utilize than other approaches. (Matsuda, 2008) However, the purpose of this study to develop a training system to improve teachers professional proficiency through the design of lessons and created which will develop students ability to solve problem sloving questions using ICT (Information and Communication Technology) in (Matsuda, 2008) So, this a case study which the researcher use the model and concluding a meaningful graphs and tables which show what researchers indicated. This article also, was written very well with many references that help us as teachers to be professional development.